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新高考英語(yǔ)二輪拔高班復(fù)習(xí)資料閱讀理解訓(xùn)練題型:說明文題組訓(xùn)練(五)姓名:班級(jí):學(xué)校:錯(cuò)題號(hào):(2022·福建廈門·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè))Ourplanetishometomanyradioactivesubstances-notjustinisgeologicinnardsbutalsoinitshospitals,atitsindustrialsitesandinitsfoodprocessingplants.InColorado,forinstance,27buildingshousescary-soundingchemicalelementssuchascesium137andcobalt60.Thesematerialsarenotthereforriskypurposes,though.Theyplayapartincancertreatment,bloodirradiation,medicalandfoodsterilization,structureandequipmenttesting,geologicexploration,etc.Theradioactivematerialisnotalwaysbadinablackand-whiteway:itcanbeausefultool.Theraysgivenoffbycesiumandcobaltcankillgermsmultiplyinginyourmeatandmakeyourappleslastlonger.Radiographicinstrumentscandetect,say,cracksinacity’spipesinasimilarwaytoanx-raypickingupahairlinefractureinyourknee.Apracticecalled“welllogging”usessealedradioactivesourcestomapthegeologyofholesoilseekersdrillintotheearth.Andofcourse,radiationiskeytocancertreatment.Theriskarisesbecausethesameradioactivematerialthatisbeneficialcouldalsobestolenormisplacedandfinditswayintotraffickingringsordirtybombs.Itmightalsobarnworkersifsomethingaccidentallygoeswrongduringanormalnine-to-fiveday.In2017alone,accordingtoareportfromtheJamesMartinCenterforNonproliferationStudies,therewere171“incidentsofnuclearorotherradioactivematerialsoutsideofregulatorycontrol”basedonopensourcereports,104ofwhichhappenedintheU.S.AninitiativecalledRadSecure100waslaunchedtoremoveandbettersecureenergeticmaterialin100U.S.cities.“Whereisthemosthigh-riskmateriallocatedaroundthemostpeople?”saysEmilyAdams,deputydirectorofadomesticprogramintheOfficeofRadiologicalSecurity.“Andthat’showwegotour100.”1.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinparagraph1?A.Radioactivesubstancescanwarmourplanet.B.Foodprocessingdoesharmtoworkersinplants.C.Theradioactivematerialisbasicallyeverywhere.D.It’shardtoremovescary-soundingelementsinbuildings.2.Whydoestheauthormention“welllogging”inparagraph2?A.Tomakeasummary. B.Toraiseaquestion.C.Toprovideacontrast. D.Tosupportanidea.3.WhatisRadSecure100intendedfor?A.Makinguseofenergeticsubstances. B.Ensuringsafetyoftheradioactivematerial.C.Warningpeopleofthemosthigh-riskmaterial D.ProtectingtheOfficeofRadiologicalSecurity.4.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardstheradioactivematerial?A.Pessimistic. B.Objective. C.Disapproval. D.Carefree.(2022·重慶·校聯(lián)考二模)Anewstudyhasfoundthatwaterintheair,notjustheat,isimportantinmeasuringglobalwarming.Theresearcherssay,whenconsideringhumidityandheat,thetemperatureincreaseistwotimesgreaterthanearlierestimates.Theresearchersalsonote,temperaturebyitselfisnotthebestwaytomeasuretheeffectsofclimatechangeandusingtemperatureunderestimatesconditionsinthetropicalareasoftheworld.ThestudywaspublishedonJanuary31inProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Theresearchersteamshowthattheenergycreatedinextremeweather,suchasstorms,isrelatedtotheamountofwaterintheair.Forthisreason,theydecidedtouseaspecialatmosphericmeasurementtoshowtheamountofheatinanareaofair.ItisexpressedinascientificmeasurementfortemperatureknownasdegreesKelvin.Ramanathanisoneofthewritersofthestudy.HeisaclimatescientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego’sScrippsInstitutionofOceanography.“Therearetwofactorsofclimatechange:temperatureandhumidity.Andsofar,wehavemeasuredglobalwarmingjustintermsoftemperature,”hesays.“Warmaircanholdmorewaterthancoldair.ForeverydegreeCelsiusthatairtemperatureincreases,itcanholdsevenpercentmorewater.Whenthewatervaporintheairbecomesliquid,itreleasesheatorenergy.That’swhywhenitrains,nowitpours.”Ramanathanaddedthatwatervaporisapowerfulheat-trappinggasintheatmospherethatincreasesclimatechange.From1980to2019,theaverageworldsurfaceairtemperatureincreasedby0.79degreesCelsius.Butwhentheyconsideredenergyfromhumidity,theirtemperaturemeasurementhadincreasedby1.48degreesCelsius.Inthetropics,thewarmingwasasmuchas4degreesCelsius.WuebblesisaclimatescientistattheUniversityofIllinois.Hewasnotpartofthestudy.ButWuebblessaidtheideamakessensebecausewatervaporisimportantinextremerainfall.Hesaid,“Bothheatandhumidityareimportant.”5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thecombinationofwaterandheatdecreasesaveragesurfacetemperature.B.Thereasonwhyitpoursisthatcoldaircanholdmorewaterthanwarmair.C.ScientistsadopttemperaturedegreesKelvinasaspecialatmosphericmeasurement.D.Scientistsusedbothtemperatureandhumiditytomeasureglobalwarminginthepast.6.HowdoesRamanathanillustratehisfindingsinthefifthparagraph?A.Bymakingcomparisons. B.Bytakingexamples.C.Byanalyzingreasons. D.Bygivingdefinitions.7.WhatisWuebbles’attitudetothisnewstudy?A.Critical. B.Objective. C.Skeptical. D.Appreciative.8.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ExtremeWeathersAreCloselyRelatedtoAirHeatAmountB.ANewStudyFocusesonGlobalWarmingSolutionsC.HumidityIsAlsoImportantinMeasuringClimateChangesD.TwoClimateScientistsDevelopaScientificMethod(2022·湖南郴州·統(tǒng)考一模)ShawaneePatrickispassionateaboutgivingeveryonetheabilitytowalkascomfortablyandeffectivelyaspossiblethroughtheuseofwalkingassistivedevices,suchasprosthetics(假肢)andorthotics.APh.D.studentintheJ.Mikewalker66DepartmentofMechanicalEngineeringatTexasA&MUniversity,Patrickwasinspiredtohelpdevelopbetterwalkingassistivedevicesbythepartialparalysis(癱瘓)ofhergrandmother.Herresearchfocusesondevelopingandimprovingwalkingassistivedevicesbydeterminingwhatinputsareimportantandoutcomesthatcouldimprovethedesignprocess.“Iliketosaymyresearchisabouthowtohelppeoplewhocan’twalkbeabletowalk,andhowtohelpthosewhodowalk.Walkbetter.”Patricksaid.“That’skindofmyaim.Walkingimprovesthequalityoflife,soit’sreallyimportantwehelpthosefacingchallengeswhenwecan.”TheCOVID-19pandemicbroughtchallengestoPatrick’sresearchaswell.Patrick’sresearch—whichworkswithhumanstudies—hadbeendelayedseveraltimesbythehealthandavailabilityofhersubjects.Patricksaidtheprocessofconductingherresearchincludesinvestigatingtheuser’sneedsfromvariousangles.Fromtheperspectiveoftheuserthemselvestotheirphysicianandfamilymembers,Patricksaiditisnecessarytobuildacompletepictureofthem.Patrickisdeterminedtomakeapositiveimpactonthelivesofthepeoplesheworkswith.aswellasthethousandsmorelikethem.Althoughthespecificprojectsheisworkingonwillnotbegoingtomarket.Patricksaidsheishopefulthattheresearchsheisconductingcouldonedayinfluencethedevelopmentofaproductthatmakesitswaytothosewhocouldgreatlybenefitfromthesupport.9.WhatinspiredPatricktostarttheproject?A.Herstrongdesiretohelptheold.B.Hergrandmother’sdisability.C.Herassignmentinuniversity.D.Herenthusiasmaboutmechanicalengineering.10.WhatisthepurposeofPatrick’sresearch?A.Tofigureoutthefactsaboutinputs.B.Tocopewiththeimportantchallenges.C.Toimprovethelivesofthoseinneed.D.Toperfectthedesignprocess.11.WhatwasthenecessarystepwhenPatrickconductedtheresearch?A.Fullyunderstandtheusers’demands.B.RemovetheC0VID-19pandemic.C.Investigatetheusers’healthandavailability.D.Contacttheusers’physicianandfamilymembers.12.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtowalkBetter.B.ACureforPainfulPatients.C.ANewwalkingDevice.D.AHelpfulProjectLaunchedbyAstudent.(2022·廣東肇慶·肇慶市第一中學(xué)校考一模)Finalexamsarearoundthecomer—butthatwon’tstopsometeenagersputtingintheleasteffort.Thismaybebecausetheirbrainsaren’tdevelopedenoughtoproperlyassesshowhighthestakes(利害關(guān)系)are,andadapttheirbehaviouraccordingly.CatherineInsel,atHarvardUniversity,andherteamaskedadolescentsbetweentheagesof13and20toplayagamewhilemonitoringtheirbrains.Insomeroundsofthegame,participantscouldearn20centsforacorrectresponse,whileanincorrectonewouldcostthem10cents.Butinroundswithhigherstakes,correctresponseswereworthadollar,andwronganswerslosttheparticipants50cents.Theteamfoundthatwhiletheoldervolunteersperformedbetterinthehighstakesrounds,theyoungeronesdidn’t—theirperformancedidn’tchangeinlinewithwhetherthestakeswereloworhigh.Andtheolderthevolunteerswere,themoreimprovedtheirperformancewas.Whentheteamlookedatthebrainactivityofthevolunteers,theyfoundthattheirabilitytoimprovetheirperformancewaslinkedtohowdevelopedtheirbrainswere.Aregioninthebrain,whichcontinuestodevelopuntilweareatleast25yearsold,seemedtobeparticularlyimportant.Thefindingsexplainwhysometeenagersaresounconcernedwhenitcomestohazardousbehaviors,suchasdrivingtoofast,forinstance,especiallywhenoneoftheirfriendsisnearby.Inselthinksschoolsshouldreconsiderthewaytheytestperformanceinteenagers.“Thisstudysuggestsit’snotagoodideatoevaluateschoolperformanceinasinglefinalexam”,shesays.Abetterideawouldbetouseavarietyofsmallertests,conductedthroughouttheyear.It’snotallbadnewsforteens,though.Teenagersputthesameamountofeffortintotasksthataren’t“important”,andstarttopreferhobbiestoschool.Itcouldbeagoodthing,allowingteenagerstolearncomplexsocialskills,forexample.13.Whydidtheresearcherssetdifferentbetsinthegame?A.Toteachhowtomakemoney.B.Tobettermonitorparticipants’brains.C.Toshowthevariedrisklevelsofthegame.D.Tomeettheneedsofdifferentparticipants.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hazardous”probablymean?A.Dangerous. B.Abusive.C.Specific. D.Addictive.15.Whatshouldbekeptinmindwhileassessingstudents’performance?A.Itshouldnotbejudgedbyonlyoneexam.B.Theitemsinexamsshouldnotbetoodifficult.C.Exam-focusededucationshouldnotbeadopted.D.Examinationisnotagoodmeansofevaluatingstudents.16.WhatisInsel’sattitudetoteenagers’puttingeffortinto“unimportant”tasks?A.Unclear. B.Favorable. C.Doubtful. D.Negative.(2022·江蘇徐州·徐州市第七中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測(cè))Haveyoueverwonderedwhatthefoodyoueateverydaycantellyouaboutwhereyoucomefrom?Haveyoueverwonderedwhypeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworldeatdifferenttypesoffood?Doyoueveraskyourselfwhycertainfoodsorculinary(烹飪的)traditionsaresoimportanttoyourculture?Thereismoreofaconnectionbetweenfoodandculturethanyoumaythink.Onanindividuallevel,wegrowupeatingthefoodofourcultures.Itbecomesapartofwhoeachofusis.Manyofusassociatefoodfromourchildhoodwithwarmfeelingsandgoodmemoriesandittiesustoourfamilies,holdingaspecialandpersonalvalueforus.Onalargerscale,foodisanimportantpartofculture.Traditionalcuisineispasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Italsooperatesasanexpressionofculturalidentity.Immigrantsbringthefoodoftheircountrieswiththemwherevertheygoandcookingtraditionalfoodisawayofpreservingtheirculturewhentheymovetonewplaces.InChina,harmonyisavitalqualityinalmosteveryaspectoflife.ThisisreflectedinChinesecuisine,wherealmosteveryflavorisusedinabalancedwaycreatingdeliciousdisheswithflavorsthatgowelltogether.ThecuisineoftheUnitedStatesalsoreflectsitshistory.TheEuropeancolonizationoftheAmericasbroughtEuropeaningredientsandcookingstylestotheU.S.Astheworldbecomesmoreglobalized,itiseasiertoaccesscui
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