獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和

with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)一．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1.概念:充當(dāng)狀語在句中可以表示時(shí)間、原因條件、方式或伴隨情況等。2.結(jié)構(gòu):

名詞/代詞+非謂語（doing&todo&done）形容詞&副詞介詞短語

邏輯主語Takingyourageintoconsideration,You’dbetternotgohiking.Youragetakenintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(邏主you)(邏主yourage)(Ⅰ)名詞/代詞+分詞(過去分詞done

&現(xiàn)在分詞doing)

當(dāng)分詞作狀語時(shí),其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時(shí),分詞應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語,構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴隨狀語時(shí),常放在句首。

1.________________,theyleftthemeetingroom.（問題解決了）（settle）2.____________,we’llgothereonfoot.(時(shí)間允許的話)(permit)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,(他的手交叉在手下)

________________________________(cross)ThisproblemsettledTimepermittinghishandscrossedunderhishead.l(Ⅱ)名詞/代詞+(being)形容詞_________________,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他媽媽生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,(他的鼻子凍得通紅)___________________（red）(Ⅲ)名詞／代詞＋（being)副詞

Themeetingover（會(huì)議結(jié)束了），thestudentscontinuedtohavelessons.Withtheradioon,grandmafellasleepinthechair.收音機(jī)開著,奶奶在椅子里睡著了.Hismother(being)illhisnoseredwithcold.(Ⅳ)名詞／代詞＋不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.(2005湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed.2.__________________________(最后一個(gè)人的到來)，ourpartywasstarted.（arrive）Thelastguesttoarrive（Ⅴ）名詞／代詞＋介詞短語在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,____________.(手上一本書)2._______________thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗幟）bookinhandFlagonshoulder(Ⅵ)有些獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有分詞，僅

在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語

的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being或havingbeen，這是為了簡練。但在

“being+過去分詞”或“therebeing＋

過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，being不可省。1.___________________,hewenttoschool.(早餐結(jié)束后)（over）2.____________________________,shewentbacktoherroom.(沒有鬧鐘的原因)3._________________________,wecan‘tgothere.(房間正在被油漆)Breakfast(being)overTherebeingnocauseforalarmTheroombeingpaintednow二．With和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是:with/without＋名詞／代詞＋分詞／不定式／形容詞／副詞／介詞短語。在句子中可以作狀語或定語。（Ⅰ）with/without＋名詞／代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(Ⅱ)with/without名詞／代詞+過去分詞。用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或已完成的動(dòng)作。Intheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix

(Ⅲ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

(Ⅳ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋形容詞。Shesleepswiththewindowopen.(Ⅴ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋副詞。

__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through(Ⅵ)with/without+名詞／代詞＋介詞短語。

1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.三．with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化（Ⅰ）with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語時(shí)，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句。（１）作時(shí)間狀語

Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.

（２）作原因狀語

Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.

=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作條件狀語

Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.

=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.(4)作伴隨狀語

Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.

=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.

(Ⅱ)with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨(dú)立主格結(jié)

構(gòu)則不可作后置定語修飾名詞。

Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.

=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.1.__tenminutes__beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because鞏固練習(xí)4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled

8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn`tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.HavingbeenWelldone!步驟：一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold

3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned二、分析邏輯主語

確定要選非謂語動(dòng)詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)，其邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.2.______Sunday，Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing

三、分析語態(tài)

分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時(shí)是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.

2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See

3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.

4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed四、分析時(shí)態(tài)，在選定了主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)后，還要考慮動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間問題，即時(shí)態(tài)。

1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.

2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.

3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.

A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuiltD.built

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和其他句式的結(jié)合Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who

【陷阱】容易誤選A，認(rèn)為這是非限制性定語從句。

【分析】最佳答案是B，這不是非限制性定語從句，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)榭崭窈蟮膭?dòng)詞invited并不是一個(gè)完整的謂語，而是一個(gè)過去分詞。當(dāng)然，假若在invited前加上助動(dòng)詞were，則是一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，答案便應(yīng)選A(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________carriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

(2)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

(3)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that

OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherjoking.

A.their

B