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書(shū)山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題
Theuniversity()anhonorarydoctor'sdegreeonthedistinguishedscholarwhowasgenerallyregardedasacredittohisowncountry.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.donated
B.conferred
C.subscribed
D.granted
【答案】B
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A:donate“捐贈(zèng)”;B:confer“經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)授予(學(xué)位、稱(chēng)號(hào)等)”;C:subscribe“訂閱”;D:grant“上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)的賜予或答應(yīng)給什么”。句意:大學(xué)授予了這位被視為國(guó)家榮譽(yù)的卓越學(xué)者榮譽(yù)博士學(xué)位。根據(jù)句意可知B為正確答案。
2.單選題
Signsofagingareunavoidable,(
)ofparticularinteresttocosmeticcompanies.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.butthosethatcanbedisguisedare
B.butthosecanbedisguisedare
C.butthatcanbedisguisedis
D.butallonethatcanbedisguisedis
【答案】A
【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。those指代signs,that引導(dǎo)從句修飾those。
句意:衰老的跡象是不可避免,但化妝品公司卻對(duì)那些能夠被掩蓋的跡象十分感興趣。
3.單選題
Withinthatexclusivegroupofliterarycharacterswhohavesurvivedthroughthecenturies—fromHamlettoHuckleberryFinn-fewcanrivaltheculturalimpactofSherlockHolmes.Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks.
AtHolmes'side,ofcourse,washistrustedfriendDr.Watson.Loomingevenlarger,however,wasanotherdoctor,onewhosemedicalpracticewassoslowitallowedhimplentyoftimetopursuehisliteraryambition.Hisname:ArthurConanDoyle.Asthecreatorofthesefictionalicons,ConanDoylehashimselfbecomesomethingofacultfigure,theobjectofcountlesscriticalstudies,biographiesandfanclubs.
ConanDoylewasborninEdinburghin1859,inarespectablemiddle-classCatholicfamily.Still,itwasfarfromaneasylife.Therewasneverenoughmoney;theymovedfrequentlyinsearchoflowerrents;andhisfather,acivilservantandillustratorwasanalcoholicwhohadtobeinstitutionalized.Yettheearlylettershewrotetohismotheraresurprisinglyoptimistic,concernedmainlywithfood,clothes,allowancesandschoolwork.At14camehisfirstunforgettablevisittoLondon,includingMadameTussaud's,wherehewas"delightedwiththeroomofHorrors,andtheimagesofthemurderers."
Asuperbstudent,ConanDoylewentontomedicalschool,wherehewasattractedbyDr.JosephBell,aprofessorwithanuncannyabilitytodiagnosepatientsevenbeforetheyopenedtheirmouths.ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession,orhowaquicklookataskinrashtoldBellthatthepatienthadoncelivedinBermuda.In1886,ConanDoyleoutlinedhisfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet,whichhedescribedas"asimpletaleofmysterytomakealittleextramoney."Itsmaincharacter,initiallycalledSherringfordHopeandlatercalledSherlockHolmes,wasbasedlargelyonBell.ButHolmes'firstappearancewentalmostunnoticed,andthestrugglingdoctordevotednearlyallofhissparetimetowritinglonghistoricalnovelsinthestyleofSirWalterScott—novelsthathewasconvincedwouldmakehisreputation.Itwasn'ttobe.In1888,HolmesreappearedinAScandalinBohemia,ashortstoryinStrandMagazine.Andthistime,itsherotookanimmediatehitandConanDoyle'slifewouldneverbethesame.
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTproperindescribingSherlockHolmes?
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutConanDoyleandhisfamily?
3.ConanDoylefelt()abouthisfirstvisittoLondon.
4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat().
5.ConanDoyle'sshortstory"AScandalinBohemia"turnedouttobe()atlast.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Sociable
B.Rational
C.Cunning
D.Intelligent
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Hecamefromamiddle-classfamily.
B.Hismotherhadreceivedlittleeducation.
C.Hisfatherwasaddictedtodrinking.
D.TheyledahardlifeinEdinburgh.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.awful
B.pleasant
C.memorable
D.horrible
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.themorecallusesapersonhas,themoreprofessionalhewouldbe
B.writersoftenbasetheirwritingonpersonalexperiences
C.inspirationwasveryimportantforapersontocreatesomething
D.ConanDoylehasgonethroughaperiodofhardshiponhiswaytosuccess
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.ridiculous
B.powerful
C.successful
D.frustrating
【答案】第1題:A
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:C
【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn):下列哪一項(xiàng)不適合描述夏洛克?福爾摩斯?根據(jù)原文第一段第二句“Sincehisfirstpublicappearance20yearsago,thegentlemanwiththecurvedpipeandatasteforcocaine,themasterofdeductivereasoningandelaboratedisguise,haslefthismarkeverywhere—incrimeliterature,filmandtelevision,cartoonsandcomicbooks”可知,福爾摩斯的形象是:有著彎曲煙斗和喜好可卡因的紳士,善于演繹推理和精心偽裝的大師,并且在犯罪文學(xué)、電影、電視、漫畫(huà)和漫畫(huà)書(shū)中都留下了印記。由此可知,B、C、D選項(xiàng)均屬于對(duì)福爾摩斯人物的描述,但原文并未提及他的社交方面,由此可判斷B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故本題正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。
2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn):下列對(duì)柯南道爾和他的家庭描述中哪一項(xiàng)表述不正確?根據(jù)原文第三段可知,柯南道爾出生于愛(ài)丁堡一個(gè)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭,生活并不輕松,錢(qián)總是不夠用,還得經(jīng)常搬家。他的父親是個(gè)公務(wù)員兼插畫(huà)家,還是個(gè)酒鬼,不得不送去了收容機(jī)構(gòu)。由此可判斷A、C、D選項(xiàng)描述均正確。在原文中并沒(méi)有過(guò)多提到福爾摩斯的母親,只提到他早期給母親寫(xiě)過(guò)信,因此無(wú)從判斷他母親接受教育的情況。因此本題正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。
3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn):柯南道爾對(duì)第一次倫敦之行感到……。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息“hisfirstvisittoLondon”可定位到原文第三段最后一句,作者用到了“unforgettable”來(lái)描述,由此可知這段旅行應(yīng)該是“難忘的”。故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。
4.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn):由文章最后一段可推斷得出……。原文最后一段講述的是柯南道爾經(jīng)歷了種種失敗和挫折后最后取得成功的故事。由此可以判斷D選項(xiàng)表述正確。由原文最后一段第二句“ForatimeheworkedasBell'soutpatientclerkandwouldwatch,amazed,athowthelocationofacalluscouldrevealaman'sprofession…”可知,老繭的位置可以揭示一個(gè)人的職業(yè),但并不表示老繭越多,他就越專(zhuān)業(yè),可判斷A選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤。原文只是提到柯南道爾的其中一部文學(xué)作品是以Bell醫(yī)生為原型,但無(wú)法得出作家經(jīng)常以個(gè)人經(jīng)歷作為寫(xiě)作基礎(chǔ),可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“靈感對(duì)于個(gè)人創(chuàng)作非常重要”不能由原文最后一段推斷得出,也可排除。故本題正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。
5.推理判斷題。題干詢(xún)問(wèn):柯南?道爾的短篇小說(shuō)《波西米亞丑聞》最終被證明是()。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息定位到原文最后一段最后兩句。由原文信息可知,1888年,福爾摩斯在Strand雜志上刊登了短篇小說(shuō)《波西米亞丑聞》,這篇小說(shuō)的男主角風(fēng)靡一時(shí),柯南道爾的人生也因此發(fā)生了變化。由此可以判斷,柯南道爾的小說(shuō)最后大獲成功。本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)
4.單選題
Holdersofdeferredshareshavenorightstovoteatgeneralmeetingsorreceiveany().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.divisive
B.divide
C.dividend
D.division
【答案】C
【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A項(xiàng)形容詞divisive“分裂的、區(qū)分的”,B項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞divide“分開(kāi)”,C項(xiàng)名詞dividend“紅利、股息”,D項(xiàng)名詞division“除法、分割”;句意:遞延股票的持有者在股東大會(huì)上沒(méi)有投票權(quán),也不能獲得任何股息。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
5.單選題
Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman(
)anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.install
B.toinstall
C.tobeinstalled
D.installed
【答案】A
【解析】根據(jù)havesb.dosth.可知,這里應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞原形,所以選項(xiàng)A正確。
6.單選題
Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmembersorgroups.Society’seconomicunderpinnings(支柱)wouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.
Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexploitsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself,itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenal(刑法的)systemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.
1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.
2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey____.
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.
4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.
5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects
B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem
C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove
D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive
B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother
C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing
D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.theabilitytomakemoney
B.thewilltoworkforpleasure
C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives
D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects
B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained
C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements
D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit
B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks
C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem
D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus
【答案】第1題:B
第2題:C
第3題:C
第4題:B
第5題:D
【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat____.人們可能無(wú)法在沒(méi)有情感的世界中生存的原因是____。
A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjectsA.他們無(wú)法分辨物體的紋理
B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothemB.他們不知道什么對(duì)他們有益,什么對(duì)他們有害
C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutloveC.沒(méi)有愛(ài)的生活不會(huì)幸福
D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelingsD.他們會(huì)做傷害彼此感情的事
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段“想象一個(gè)突然間沒(méi)有情感的世界——一個(gè)人類(lèi)感覺(jué)不到愛(ài)或幸福、恐懼或仇恨的世界。試著想象一下這種轉(zhuǎn)變的后果。人們可能無(wú)法活下去:既不知喜也不知樂(lè),既不知道焦慮也不知道恐懼,他們可能重復(fù)傷害自己的行為,就像重復(fù)有益的行為一樣。(theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial)”由此可推斷,沒(méi)有感情的世界里,人們可能重復(fù)傷害或者有益的行為,因?yàn)樗麄儾恢朗裁磳?duì)他們有益,什么對(duì)他們有害。因此選B。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“他們無(wú)法分辨物體的紋理”,文章第二段第四句提到“但一個(gè)物體的物理方面沒(méi)有它對(duì)我們所做或能做的事——傷害我們、讓我們驚訝、激怒我們或讓我們快樂(lè)——那么重要?!庇纱丝芍矬w的物理方面對(duì)人們影響不大,因此不是人們無(wú)法生存的原因,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有愛(ài)的生活不會(huì)幸?!保鶕?jù)定位點(diǎn)可知,不只是沒(méi)有愛(ài)的生活,還有恐懼和仇恨,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
D選項(xiàng)“他們會(huì)做傷害彼此感情的事”,根據(jù)定位點(diǎn)可知,人們也會(huì)重復(fù)有益行為,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。
2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey____.根據(jù)文章,人們的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)是可能的,因?yàn)樗麄僟___。
A.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayaliveA.相信情緒是他們生存的基礎(chǔ)
B.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanotherB.受益于互相提供幫助和支持
C.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthingC.享受因做正確的事情而得到獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)
D.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsocietyD.知道什么是對(duì)社會(huì)進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要的
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段第五行“他們無(wú)法學(xué)習(xí):他們無(wú)法從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中獲益,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)沒(méi)有情感的世界將缺少獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和懲罰(theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments)?!庇纱丝赏茢嗨麄儗W(xué)習(xí)是因?yàn)榭梢詮慕?jīng)驗(yàn)中獲益,從世界里獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。因此選C。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“相信情緒是他們生存的基礎(chǔ)”,文中雖然提到,但該選項(xiàng)與題目無(wú)關(guān),該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位;
B選項(xiàng)“受益于互相提供幫助和支持”,文中第一段提到“社會(huì)很快就會(huì)消失:人們互相傷害的可能性和提供幫助和支持的可能性一樣大?!庇纱丝芍撨x項(xiàng)與題目無(wú)關(guān),該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位;
D選項(xiàng)“知道什么是對(duì)社會(huì)進(jìn)步至關(guān)重要的”,文中沒(méi)有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton____.從文章中可以推斷,社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)依賴(lài)于____。
A.theabilitytomakemoneyA.賺錢(qián)的能力
B.thewilltoworkforpleasureB.為快樂(lè)而工作的意愿
C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentivesC.享受激勵(lì)的能力
D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiencesD.我們對(duì)情感經(jīng)驗(yàn)的分類(lèi)
【答案】C
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第一段最后“社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀,因?yàn)椴粫?huì)有任何形式的激勵(lì)。因?yàn)檎缥覀儗⒖吹降?,激?lì)意味著享受它們的能力?!庇纱丝赏茢啵鐣?huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)依賴(lài)于享受激勵(lì)的能力。因此選C。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“賺錢(qián)的能力”,賺錢(qián)的能力只是激勵(lì)能力的一種,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
B選項(xiàng)“為快樂(lè)而工作的意愿”,工作的意愿只是享受激勵(lì)能力的一種表現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
D選項(xiàng)“我們對(duì)情感經(jīng)驗(yàn)的分類(lèi)”,文中提到“在我們的家庭、社區(qū)和整個(gè)社會(huì)中,我們也會(huì)根據(jù)情緒進(jìn)行分類(lèi)?!钡c經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)無(wú)關(guān),該選項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位。
4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause____.情緒對(duì)人類(lèi)的生存和適應(yīng)是重要的,因?yàn)開(kāi)___。
A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjectsA.它們提供了人們觀察物體大小和形狀的方法
B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintainedB.它們是維系社會(huì)的社會(huì)認(rèn)同感的基礎(chǔ)
C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievementsC.它們鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)ネ瓿晌kU(xiǎn)的成就
D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeopleD.它們?cè)谌藗冎g產(chǎn)生的愛(ài)多于恨
【答案】B
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到第二段“在這樣一個(gè)世界里,人類(lèi)生存的機(jī)會(huì)幾乎為零,因?yàn)榍楦惺俏覀兩婧瓦m應(yīng)的基本工具。情感以重要的方式為我們構(gòu)建世界。”以及“我們與對(duì)象和事件的情感體驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生一種社會(huì)認(rèn)同感,某些事情的感覺(jué)和行動(dòng)是‘好’和其他的是‘壞’,我們這些類(lèi)別適用于我們社會(huì)的方方面面——推而廣之,從我們所吃的食物和我們所穿的衣物到我們?nèi)绾伪3殖兄Z,我們這個(gè)群體會(huì)接受什么樣的人?!庇纱丝赏茢?,我們的情感涉及社會(huì)認(rèn)同感,會(huì)對(duì)某些事物達(dá)成好或者壞的情感認(rèn)同,并且情感是我們構(gòu)建世界的基礎(chǔ)。因此選B。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“它們提供了人們觀察物體大小和形狀的方法”,人類(lèi)對(duì)事物的形狀大小的認(rèn)知并不來(lái)源于情感,該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反,屬于反向干擾;
C選項(xiàng)“它們鼓勵(lì)人們?nèi)ネ瓿晌kU(xiǎn)的成就”,文章最后一段提到“事實(shí)上,社會(huì)利用我們的情緒反應(yīng)和態(tài)度,如忠誠(chéng)、道德、驕傲、羞恥、內(nèi)疚、恐懼和貪婪,為了保持本身,它高度獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)執(zhí)行重要任務(wù)的個(gè)人,如手術(shù),使得個(gè)人因?yàn)椴粚こ5幕蛭kU(xiǎn)的成就,如在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中駕駛戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)成為英雄,并使用法律和刑法系統(tǒng)讓人們不敢從事反社會(huì)行為?!笨芍巧鐣?huì)利用情感去完成危險(xiǎn)的成就而不是情感本身,該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念;
D選項(xiàng)“它們?cè)谌藗冎g產(chǎn)生的愛(ài)多于恨”,文中沒(méi)有體現(xiàn),該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。
5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】
Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey____.一個(gè)物體的情感方面比它的物理方面更重要,因?yàn)樗鼈僟___。
A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofitA.有助于社會(huì)剝削其成員以獲取利益
B.encourageustoperformimportanttasksB.鼓勵(lì)我們執(zhí)行重要的任務(wù)
C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystemC.有助于完善法律和刑罰制度
D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingusD.幫助我們調(diào)整我們的行為以適應(yīng)我們周?chē)氖澜?/p>
【答案】D
【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。
【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段第一句“在這樣一個(gè)世界里,人類(lèi)生存的機(jī)會(huì)幾乎為零,因?yàn)榍楦惺俏覀兩婧瓦m應(yīng)的基本工具。”以及“我們與時(shí)間和對(duì)象的情感體驗(yàn)涉及社會(huì)認(rèn)同感,某些事情的感覺(jué)和行動(dòng)是‘好’和其他的是‘壞’,我們這些類(lèi)別適用于我們社會(huì)的方方面面——推而廣之,從我們所吃的食物和我們所穿的衣物到我們?nèi)绾伪3殖兄Z,我們這個(gè)群體會(huì)接受什么樣的人。因此選D。
【干擾項(xiàng)排除】
A選項(xiàng)“有助于社會(huì)剝削其成員以獲取利益”,文中沒(méi)有提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有;
B選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)我們執(zhí)行重要的任務(wù)”,文中提到“它高度獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)執(zhí)行重要任務(wù)的個(gè)人”是社會(huì)利用人們的情緒反應(yīng)和態(tài)度使人們調(diào)節(jié)行為的具體方式之一,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全;
C選項(xiàng)“有助于完善法律和刑罰制度”,文中提到“并使用法律和刑法系統(tǒng)讓人們不敢從事反社會(huì)行為”是社會(huì)利用人們的情緒反應(yīng)和態(tài)度使人們調(diào)節(jié)行為的具體方式之一,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。
7.單選題
Bypatientquestioningthelawyermanagedto(
)enoughinformationfromthewitnesses.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.evacuate
B.withdraw
C.impart
D.elicit
【答案】D
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)evacuate“疏散;撤退;排泄”;B選項(xiàng)withdraw“撤退;收回;撤銷(xiāo);取錢(qián)”;C選項(xiàng)impart“給予;傳授;告知”;D選項(xiàng)elicit“抽出;引起;誘出”。句意:通過(guò)耐心的詢(xún)問(wèn),律師設(shè)法從證人那里……足夠的信息?!靶畔ⅰ笔亲C人給出的,律師只有努力去“獲取”,綜合選項(xiàng)可知D選項(xiàng)正確。
8.單選題
Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust()thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.improve
B.enhance
C.gear
D.guarantee
【答案】C
【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)improve“改善,增加”;B選項(xiàng)enhance“提高,加強(qiáng)”;C選項(xiàng)gear“使...適合”,后面通常接介詞to;D選項(xiàng)guarantee“擔(dān)保,保證”。句意:為了在國(guó)家間激烈的貿(mào)易競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中生存,我們必須使我們生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和種類(lèi)適應(yīng)世界市場(chǎng)的需求。選項(xiàng)C更符合語(yǔ)境。
9.單選題
Manyagentsquitandsaytheyareleavingbecausetheyare_______andwantbetterpayandmorehumaneworkingconditions,includinglesstravel.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.revertedto
B.backedup
C.fedup
D.thrustin
【答案】D
【解析】revertto回復(fù),歸還;backup支持,倒退;feedup供給…食物;thrustin闖入;不恰當(dāng)?shù)夭迦?。句意:許多經(jīng)紀(jì)人辭職后表示,他們之所以離開(kāi),是因?yàn)樗麄兪艿礁缮?,并且想要更高的?bào)酬和更加人性化的工作環(huán)境,包括減少出差旅行。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。
10.單選題
Thesellerorhisagentsarenotobligedinlawtotellyouofthedefectsortrueconditionsofthehouse.So,itisimportantthatyourownsurveyorissenttomakeastructuralsurveyofthehouseafteryouhavemadeanofferforin,butbeforeyouenterlegalcommitment.
Yoursurveyor’sjobistofindoutalltheinternalandexteriordefectsinthehouseandtoindicatetoyouhowmuchmoneyitwillcosttoputthemright.Hewilltellyouwhetherthehouseisworththepricebeingaskedandmaysuggestapricetonegotiatewiththeseller.Ifhedoeshisjobwell,hewillearnhis-fee(whichforastraightforwardsurveyofafive-roomhouseisnotlikelytobelessthan£50)byprovidinginformationwhichcanbeusedtostartnegotiations.
Manydefectsarenotapparenttotheordinaryhousebuyerbutcanbedelec1eddetectedbytheexpert—thesurveyor.Thebuildingsocietyorlocalauthorityfromwhichyouhopetogetaloanwillsenditsissurveyortoo,whosefeeyouwillhavetopay.Thissurveyormakesonlyavaluation(notafullsurvey)toseewhetherthepriorityisgoodsecurityforthepartofthepurchasepriceyoumightbeleant.Hisreportisconfidentialandmaynotbeavailabletoyou,thoughbuildingsocietymaybepreparedtotellthepurchaseraboutreallymajordefectsfollowingtheirvaluation.Theymayinfactmakeitaconditionofthemortgagethatyouwillhavethedefectsrepairedwithinastatedtime(atyourownexpenseofcourse).
Ifyouarebuildinganewhouse,youwillalsoneedassurancethatthehouseisproperlybuiltandthebuildingwillaccepttheresponsibilityforanydefectsthatmayappearduetopoordesign,materialsorworkmanship.IfabuilderisrestrictedwithNationalHouse-Builders’RegistrationCouncil,youwillknowthatthehousehasbeenspot-checkinspectedatperiodicintervalsduringbuildings.Arbitrationmachineryandfornewly-builthouse,a10-yearprotectionagainstmajorstructuraldefects,existshouldthingsgowrongandthebuilderseektoavoidresponsibility.
Ifthebuilderisnotregistereditwillbewisetogetacompetentsurveyortocheckthehouseoverduringvariousstagesofconstruction.(Hewillchargeafeeforeachvisittothesite.)
1.Whatstageinbuyingahouseisasurveyoremployed?
2.Whatisthemainreasontoemployasurveyor?
3.Whydoesthebuildingsocietyorlocalauthoritysendisownsurveyor?
4.Themaindifferencebetweenthesurveyorsemployedbyyouandthebuildingsocietyisthat________.
5.Thebuyerofanewhousehastobesurethat________.
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.Afteryouhaveinspectedthehouseyourself.
B.Shortlybeforeyoutakeupresidenceinthehouse.
C.Beforeyouhaveanykindofdiscussionabouttheprice.
D.Duringtheearlystageoffreenegotiation.
問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)
A.Toinspectandreportontheconditionofthehouse.
B.Totellyouthetruevalueofthehouse.
C.Toassistyouinnegotiatingforalowerprice.
D.Toadviseyouaboutcarryingoutrepairs.
問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)
A.Toprovidethemwithinformationtheyneedinadvisingthepossiblebuyer.
B.Tocheckthereportpreparedbythebuyer’ssurveyor.
C.Tocheckwhatrepairsthebuyermustcarryoutbeforegettingaloan.
D.Tofindoutwhetheritwillbeadvisabletolendthepurchasemoney.
問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)
A.thesecondsurveyorisnotinterestedinthedefectsofthehouse
B.youdonothavetopayforthesecondsurveyor
C.thesecondsurveyor’sjobistodecidewhatthehouseisworth
D.thesecondsurveyor’sjobistofindoutwhetherhouseisfittolivein
問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)
A.theconstructionofthehousehasbeenconstantlysupervised
B.seriousconstructionalfaultswillbeputrightduringvariousstagesofconstruction
C.hewillhavelegalprotectioninthecaseofadisputewiththebuilder
D.thebuilderisregisteredwiththeNationalHouse-Builders’RegistrationCouncil
【答案】第1題:C
第2題:B
第3題:C
第4題:D
第5題:B
【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段So,itisimportantthatyourownsurveyorissenttomakeastructuralsurveyofthehouseafteryouhavemadeanofferforit,butbeforeyouenterlegalcommitment.(因此,重要的是,在你提出報(bào)價(jià)后,但在你進(jìn)入法律承諾之前,要派你自己的測(cè)量師對(duì)房子進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)量)和第二段Yoursurveyor’sjobistofindoutalltheinternalandexteriordefectsinthehouseandtoindicatetoyouhowmuchmoneyitwillcosttoputthemright.Hewilltellyouwhetherthehouseisworththepricebeingaskedandmaysuggestapricetonegotiatewiththeseller.(你的測(cè)量師負(fù)責(zé)找出房子里所有的內(nèi)部和外部缺陷,并告訴你修復(fù)這些缺陷需要多少錢(qián)。他會(huì)告訴你房子的價(jià)格是否值得商談。),由此可知測(cè)量師是在你與賣(mài)方討論價(jià)格之前為你工作的,所以C選項(xiàng)“在你討論價(jià)格之前”正確。A選項(xiàng)“你自己檢查完房子之后”,文章沒(méi)有提到需要自己檢查房子,且這是測(cè)量師的工作,屬于無(wú)中生有;B選項(xiàng)“在你住進(jìn)這所房子之前不久”以及D選項(xiàng)“在自由談判的早期階段”都與文章事實(shí)不相符,屬于曲解原文。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段Yoursurveyor’sjobistofindoutalltheinternalandexteriordefectsinthehouseandtoindicatetoyouhowmuchmoneyitwillcosttoputthemright.Hewilltellyouwhetherthehouseisworththepricebeingaskedandmaysuggestapricetonegotiatewiththeseller.(你的測(cè)量師負(fù)責(zé)找出房子里所有的內(nèi)部和外部缺陷,并告訴你修復(fù)這些缺陷需要多少錢(qián)。他會(huì)告訴你房子的價(jià)格是否值得商談。),由此可知請(qǐng)測(cè)量師的主要原因是為了讓你知道自己房子的價(jià)格是否值得商談,所以B選項(xiàng)“告訴你房子的真正價(jià)值”正確。A選項(xiàng)“檢查并報(bào)告房屋狀況”,此處雖然有提及,但這是測(cè)量師的主要工作,并不是請(qǐng)他的主要原因,屬于張冠李戴;C選項(xiàng)“幫助你談一個(gè)更低的價(jià)格”,此處提到測(cè)量師只會(huì)告訴你房子的價(jià)格是否值得商談,并不會(huì)幫助你談價(jià),屬于曲解原文;D選項(xiàng)“建議你進(jìn)行修理”,此處提到測(cè)量師只會(huì)告訴你修理房子缺陷的大概費(fèi)用,沒(méi)有提到他們會(huì)建議你修理,屬于無(wú)中生有。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章三段Thebuildingsocietyorlocalauthorityfromwhichyouhopetogetaloanwillsenditssurveyortoo,whosefeeyouwillhavetopay...Theymayinfactmakeitaconditionofthemortgagethatyouwillhavethedefectsrepairedwithinastatedtime(atyourownexpenseofcourse).(你希望從那里獲得貸款的房屋互助協(xié)會(huì)或地方當(dāng)局也會(huì)派遣測(cè)量師,你必須支付測(cè)量師的費(fèi)用……事實(shí)上,他們可能會(huì)以你在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)修復(fù)缺陷作為抵押的條件,當(dāng)然是費(fèi)用自理。),由此可推斷出房屋互助協(xié)會(huì)和地方當(dāng)局請(qǐng)測(cè)量師的原因是為了檢查買(mǎi)方在貸款前需要的維修之處,所以C選項(xiàng)“檢查買(mǎi)方在獲得貸款前必須進(jìn)行的維修”正確。A選項(xiàng)“向他們提供他們?cè)谙驖撛谫I(mǎi)家提供建議時(shí)所需的信息”文章沒(méi)有提到,屬于無(wú)中生有;B選項(xiàng)“檢查買(mǎi)方檢驗(yàn)師準(zhǔn)備的報(bào)告”對(duì)應(yīng)文章第三段,該段中只提到房屋互助協(xié)會(huì)或地方當(dāng)局請(qǐng)的測(cè)量師的最終報(bào)告買(mǎi)方是無(wú)法看到的,并不是說(shuō)他們請(qǐng)測(cè)量師是為了檢查買(mǎi)方檢驗(yàn)師所準(zhǔn)備的報(bào)告,該選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文;D選項(xiàng)“看看借出購(gòu)買(mǎi)款項(xiàng)是否明智”文章沒(méi)有提及,屬于無(wú)中生有。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。
4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段Thebuildingsocietyorlocalauthorityfromwhichyouhopetogetaloanwillsenditssurveyortoo,whosefeeyouwillhavetopay...Theymayinfactmakeitaconditionofthemortgagethatyouwillhavethedefectsrepairedwithinastatedtime(atyourownexpenseofcourse).(你希望獲得貸款的房屋互助協(xié)會(huì)或地方當(dāng)局也會(huì)派遣測(cè)量師,你必須支付測(cè)量師的費(fèi)用……事實(shí)上,他們可能會(huì)以你在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)修復(fù)缺陷作為抵押的條件,當(dāng)然,費(fèi)用由你自己承擔(dān)),由此可知房屋互助協(xié)會(huì)雇傭的測(cè)量師是為了測(cè)量房子缺陷,用此作為評(píng)估給你貸款的依據(jù),如果缺陷重大不宜居住,地方當(dāng)局會(huì)先讓你修復(fù)好,直到房子適宜居住再貸款給你,所以D選項(xiàng)“第二種測(cè)量師的工作是找出房子是否適合居住”正確。A選項(xiàng)“第二種測(cè)量師對(duì)房子的缺陷不感興趣”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤,第二段說(shuō)到測(cè)量師的工作就是檢查房子缺陷,該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾;B選項(xiàng)“你不必付錢(qián)給第二類(lèi)測(cè)量師”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤,第三段提到了“whosefeeyouwillhavetopay”,所以該選項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾;C選項(xiàng)“第二種測(cè)量師的工作是決定房子的價(jià)值”,決定房子價(jià)值的是第一類(lèi)測(cè)量師,屬于張冠李戴。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。
5.推理判斷題。由題干可定位到第四段第一句Ifyouarebuildinganewhouse,youwillalsoneedassurancethatthehouseisproperlybuiltandthebuildingwillaccepttheresponsibilityforanydefectsthatmayappearduetopoordesign,materialsorworkmanship.(如果你正在建造一所新房子,你還需要確保房子合理建造,并且將為建筑由于設(shè)計(jì)、材料或工藝不良而可能出現(xiàn)的任何缺陷責(zé)任。),由此可知需要確保房子的質(zhì)量,確保房子沒(méi)有大問(wèn)題,所以B選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的施工失誤將在施工的各個(gè)階段得到糾正”正確。D選項(xiàng)“建筑公司在國(guó)家房屋建筑商注冊(cè)委員會(huì)注冊(cè)”對(duì)應(yīng)第五段Ifthebuilderisnotregistereditwillbewisetogetacompetentsurveyortocheckthehouseoverduringvariousstagesofconstruction.(如果建筑商沒(méi)有注冊(cè),最好找一個(gè)有資質(zhì)的測(cè)量師在不同的施工階段檢查房屋。),由此可知建筑商是否注冊(cè)不是考查的必要條件,屬于反向干擾。A選項(xiàng)“房子的建造始終受到監(jiān)督”對(duì)應(yīng)第四段第二句“IfabuilderisrestrictedwithNationalHouse-Builders’RegistrationCouncil,youwillknowthatthehousehasbeenspot-checkinspectedatperiodicintervalsduringbuildings.(如果一個(gè)建筑商受管制于國(guó)家房屋建筑商注冊(cè)委員會(huì),你就知道該房屋在建造期間會(huì)被定期抽查。)”,結(jié)合第五段可知在國(guó)家房屋建筑商注冊(cè)委員會(huì)注冊(cè)過(guò)的會(huì)受到監(jiān)督,而建筑商不一定注冊(cè),屬于曲解原文。C選項(xiàng)“如果與建筑商發(fā)生糾紛,將受到法律保護(hù)”對(duì)應(yīng)第四段最后一句“Arbitrationmachineryandfornewly-builthouse,a10-yearprotectionagainstmajorstructuraldefects,existshouldthingsgowrongandthebuilderseektoavoidresponsibility.(仲裁機(jī)制為防止房屋重大結(jié)構(gòu)缺陷和建筑商逃避責(zé)任,對(duì)新建房屋有10年保護(hù)期。)”,由此可知如果和建筑商發(fā)生糾紛,原本就會(huì)受到法律保護(hù),不需要去確定這件事,屬于曲解原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。
11.單選題
Somepeopleviewedthefindingswithcaution,notingthatacause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenpassivesmokingandcancerremained().
問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)
A.tobeshown
B.tohavebeenshown
C.tohaveshown
D.beingshown
【答案】A
【解析】考查固定用法。remaintobedone“待完成;待處理”為固定用法。句意:一些人對(duì)研究結(jié)果持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度,指出吸二手煙和癌癥之間的因果關(guān)系有待揭示。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。
12.單選題
Amoment’sdrillingbythedentistmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandtheneedle—ashotofnovocaine—thatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.
Nowit’struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournerves—andourbrain,whichisabundl
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