1、直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的用法一、如何變?nèi)朔Q;下面有一句順口溜“一隨主。二隨賓，第三人稱不更新”。“一隨主”是指在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，假如從句中的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要依照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱變化如：Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogowithme.Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.“二隨賓”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，若從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第二人稱?；虮坏诙四闼揎棥木渲械娜朔Q要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語(yǔ)一致。假如引號(hào)外的主句沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)。也可以用第一人稱，如：HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?Hea

2、skedKatehowhersister。wasthen“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)。假如從句中的主語(yǔ)及賓語(yǔ)是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：Mr.Smithsaid:Jackisagoodworker。Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker。二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)：直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。此刻時(shí)它需改為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)；過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)改為達(dá)成時(shí)；過(guò)去達(dá)成時(shí)則保存原來(lái)的時(shí)態(tài)。如：1)Shesaid.Ihavelostapen.Shesaidshehadlostapen.2)Shesaid.Wehopeso.Shesaidtheyho

3、pedso.Shesaid.Hewillgotoseehisfriend。Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。但要注意在以下幾種情況下。在直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一般不變化。直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth,theteachertoldme.Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。直接引語(yǔ)是過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Jacksaid.“John,wherewereyou

4、goingwhenImetyouinthestreet?”JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoingwhenhemethiminthestreet。直接引語(yǔ)中有詳細(xì)的過(guò)去某年、某月、某日作狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：XiaoWangsaid.IwasbornonApril20,1980。XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980。直接引語(yǔ)假如是一般此刻時(shí)。表示一種頻頻出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，變間接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。如：Hesaid,Igetupatsixeverymorning。Hesaidhegetsupatsixeverymorning。假如直接

5、引語(yǔ)中的神態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有過(guò)去時(shí)的形式（例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedto)和已經(jīng)是過(guò)去時(shí)的形式時(shí)，（例：could,should,would,might）不再變。如：Petersaid.Youhadbettercomehavetoday。PetersaidIhadbettergotherethatday。三、如何變狀語(yǔ)：精選直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)則，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)由“此刻”改為“原來(lái)”（例：now變?yōu)閠hen,yesterday變?yōu)閠hedaybefore）地址狀語(yǔ)，特別表示方向性的，或用指示代詞修飾的狀語(yǔ)，由“此”改為“彼”（例：this改為that),如：Hesai

6、d,Thesebooksaremine.Hesaidthosebookswerehis.四、如何變句型：直接引語(yǔ)假如是陳說(shuō)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引語(yǔ)假如是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句.如：Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven

7、tyou?mymotherasked.MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybybusorbike.直接引語(yǔ)假如是特別問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)改為由疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（賓語(yǔ)從句必定用陳說(shuō)句語(yǔ)序）。Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.直接引語(yǔ)假如是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為tell(ask,order,beg等)sb.(not)

8、todosth.句型。如：Dontmakeanynoise,shesaidtothechildren.Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.Bringmeacupoftea,please,saidshe.Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.直接引語(yǔ)假如是以“Let開(kāi)s”的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，平常用頭“suggest動(dòng)+句詞（或從句）?！比纾篐esaid,Letsgotothefilm.gestedgoingHesugtothefilm.或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefil

9、m.引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號(hào)引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語(yǔ)；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來(lái)，這叫做間接引語(yǔ)。比方：Johnsaid,ImgoingtoLondonwithmyfather.約翰說(shuō)：我要和父親到倫敦去。（引號(hào)內(nèi)是直接引語(yǔ)）JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.約翰說(shuō)，他要和他父親去倫敦。（賓語(yǔ)從句是間接引語(yǔ)）由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，分以下情況：1、直接引語(yǔ)是陳說(shuō)句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（口語(yǔ)中that能夠省略），主句的引述動(dòng)詞主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。Hesaid

10、,YouareyoungerthanI.”Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.精選2、直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)序：主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞say改為ask,或改為wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。（1）一般疑問(wèn)句或反意疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Shesaid,Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme,Youhaveseenthe

11、film,haventyou?Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.（2）選擇疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)閣hether.or賓語(yǔ)從句。Iaskedhim,Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特別疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛稍瓉?lái)的疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Heasked,Wheredoyoulive?HeaskedmewhereIlived.3、直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為不定式，作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等動(dòng)

12、詞的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（dont變?yōu)閚ot）.Theteachersaidtotheboy,Openthewindow.Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Hisfathersaidtohim,“Dontleavethedooropen.”Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.注意（1）有些表示建議、建議、勸告或要求的祈使句，能夠用suggest,insist等動(dòng)詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述。比方：Hesaid,Letsgotothetheatre.Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedtha

13、twe(should)gotothetheatre.(2)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?heasked.Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.Whydontyoutakeawalkaftersupper?heasked.headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.Shallwelistentothemusic?heasked.Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.4、直接引語(yǔ)是痛惜句時(shí)間接引語(yǔ)為what或how引導(dǎo)，也能夠用that引導(dǎo)。Shesaid,Whatalovelydayitis!Shesaidw

14、hatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.5、假如主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為各樣此刻時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)，則間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語(yǔ)原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。假如主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按以下變化：精選1）一般此刻時(shí)變?yōu)橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)2）此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)3）一般將來(lái)時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)4）此刻達(dá)成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去達(dá)成時(shí)5）一般過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去達(dá)成時(shí)6）過(guò)去達(dá)成時(shí)不變，仍為過(guò)去達(dá)成時(shí)注意（1）假如直接引語(yǔ)是表示客觀真理時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)，一般此刻時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：TheteachersaidTheearthgoesroundthesun.Theteacher

15、saidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.（2）假如直接引語(yǔ)中有明確表示過(guò)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)不改為過(guò)去達(dá)成時(shí)。如：Hesaidtome,Iwasbornin1973.Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.(3)假如直接引語(yǔ)所述事實(shí)在當(dāng)時(shí)和當(dāng)前同樣見(jiàn)效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般此刻時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：Hesaid,Imaboy,notagirl.Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.(4)假如直接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示一種頻頻出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時(shí)，一般此刻時(shí)不改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：Thegirlsaid,Iget

16、upatsixeverymorning.Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.(5)假如直接引語(yǔ)中含有since,when,while引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，只改變主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，從句的一般過(guò)去時(shí)則不變。如：Hesaidtome,IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.(6)假如直接引語(yǔ)中含有神態(tài)動(dòng)詞must,need,hadbetter以及神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式could,might,should,would

17、,在變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些神態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的改變。比方：Theteachersaidtome.Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.Hesaid,IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.6.代詞等一般地應(yīng)作用相應(yīng)的變化。指示代詞this-thatthese-those表示時(shí)間的詞now-then精選today-thatdaythi

18、sweek(month,etc)-thatweek(month,etc)yesterday-thedaybeforelastweek(month)-theweek(month)beforethreedays(ayear)ago-threedays(ayear)beforetomorrow-thenext(following)daynextweek(month)-thenext(following)week(month)表地址的詞here-there動(dòng)詞bring-takecomego直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)的用法及解說(shuō)定義：直接引語(yǔ)：直接引用別人的原話，并在原話前后加引號(hào)。例：Hesaid:Itis

19、toolate.間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，多半以賓語(yǔ)從句的形式構(gòu)成。例：Hesaiditwastoolate.直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)相互轉(zhuǎn)變時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題第一：人稱的變化。主語(yǔ)為第一人稱的直接引語(yǔ)，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱要做相應(yīng)調(diào)整。比方：直接引語(yǔ)Shesaid:Iamhungry.間接引語(yǔ)Shesaidshewashungry.直接引語(yǔ)Mumsaidtome:Youmustcleanyourbedroombyyourself.間接引語(yǔ)MumtoldmethatIhadtocleanmybedroombymyself.第二：時(shí)態(tài)變化直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)要與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。其規(guī)律

20、以以以下圖。注意：1.直接引語(yǔ)為客觀真理時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)不變，仍用一般此刻時(shí)。比方：Teachertoldus:Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.2.直接引語(yǔ)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)并且與詳細(xì)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)仍用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。比方：Shesaid:IwenttoEnglandin1998.ShesaidshewenttoEnglandin1998.3.主句為一般此刻時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候，間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)不變。Hesays:Iboughtyouabookyesterday.Hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday.第三：指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地址狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化。第四：句式上的變化精選1.陳說(shuō)句變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，用tha