1、翻譯有定法嗎？許淵沖（1990） 外國語11 種：加詞、減詞、換詞、移詞、分譯、合譯、深化（具體化） 、淺化（抽 許淵沖 象化、等化（靈活對等） 、一分為四、合四為一。 侯國金（1998：144-149）：linear translation 順譯法, literal translation 直譯法, conversion 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯法, amplification 增譯法， repetition 重復(fù)法， omission 省譯法， positive-negative switch 正說反譯法， division 分句譯法，combination 合句譯法。許建平（2003） 英漢互譯實(shí)踐與技

2、巧 ：diction 選詞用字（詞匯翻譯 8 法：deduction, transplant, extension, substitution, explanation, combination, transliteration, pictographic translation）, amplification 增益法, omission 省略法, conversion 轉(zhuǎn)換法, restructuring, active-passive voice, affirmative & negative 肯定與 否定, long sentences (embedding, cutting, reve

3、rsing, splitting, inserting, recasting)詞的翻譯技巧（Techniques for Words Translation)1 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯法 （conversion）2 增詞法 （amplification）3 減詞法 （omission）4 詞義的選擇與引申 （diction）詞類轉(zhuǎn)換翻譯法n. v.The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. 對于這些事情的回憶將會(huì)增添他生活的樂趣?；叵肫疬@些事情，會(huì)給他的生活增添樂趣。He looked on the Convention as a fair a

4、nd faithful representation of the people.他認(rèn)為這次大會(huì)是人民的公正忠實(shí)的代表。他認(rèn)為這次大會(huì)公正忠實(shí)地代表了人民。The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我們的噴氣式飛機(jī)，聽到隆隆的機(jī)聲，我感到特別神往。1)由動(dòng)詞派生的名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞 The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.政府號召建立更多的技術(shù)學(xué)校。2) 含有動(dòng)作意味的名詞(在記敘、描寫文體中出現(xiàn)較多

5、)往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成動(dòng)詞。Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.越南戰(zhàn)爭不斷消耗著美國的資源。A glance through his office window offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.從他的辦公室窗口可以一眼看到華盛頓紀(jì)念碑和林肯紀(jì)念館的全景。Britain has no such natural protection from a flood of Hollywood.英國沒有這種天然的保護(hù)物來阻擋好萊塢影片

6、的長驅(qū)直入。3)英語中有些加后綴-er的名詞，如teacher教師，thinker思想家等等，有時(shí)在句中并不指其身份和職業(yè)，而是含有較強(qiáng)的動(dòng)作意味。在漢語中沒有恰當(dāng)?shù)膶?yīng)名詞時(shí)，往往可以譯成動(dòng)詞。He is a good eater and a good sleeper.他吃得飽睡得香。4) 習(xí)語主體的名詞往往可以譯成動(dòng)詞。Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.每天早晨，她都要到湖區(qū)去散步。They took a final look at it, still intact in the darkness.他們最后看了它一

7、眼它依舊安然無恙地聳立在黑暗中。Practice1 New York City was a bitter disillusionment to some immigrants.2 The growing concentration of wealth in the hands of a few people raised social and political issues.3 The American airline industry has enjoyed significant expansion in the last twenty years.4 I think my little

8、 brother is a better teacher than I.5 He is a good singer.6 In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.7 A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.n. adj.Diligence and intelligence are of considerable importance to your success. 勤奮和才智對于獲得成功是頗為重要的。I have so much

9、work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the question. 我有很多工作要做，今年休假是不可能的了。Its such a nuisance that Ive got to work on Saturday.我星期六還得上班，真討厭。As he was a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.他對這座城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能給他必要的幫助。Theres no point arguing about it -

10、just do as youre told.爭論是沒有意義的，叫你怎么做你就怎么做。n. adv.I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.我榮幸地通知您，您的請求已得到批準(zhǔn)。v. n.Formality has always characterized their relationship.他們之間的關(guān)系，有一個(gè)特點(diǎn)，就是以禮相待。To them, he personified the absolute power.在他們看來，他就是絕對權(quán)威的化身。Bright colours and bold strokes c

11、haracterize his early paintings. 他早期繪畫的特點(diǎn)是色彩鮮明，筆法粗獷。They are already planning to staff the management in the event the joint venture is formed. 他們已經(jīng)在籌劃合資企業(yè)建成后管理部門的人事安排。v. adv.He said, if this was the case, he would be tempted to try.他說，如果情況是這樣，他頗有躍躍欲試之意。adj. v.It was a very informative meeting.會(huì)上透露了

12、許多信息。He must have been aware that his parents marriage was breaking up.他一定已經(jīng)知道父母的婚姻關(guān)系正在破裂。Our computerized stock control system is now operative. 本公司的庫存管理計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)已運(yùn)行。His indulgent mother was willing to let him do anything he wanted. 他母親很寵他，他不管想干什么她都愿意讓他干。其它詞類的轉(zhuǎn)譯With a rifle across his shoulder the boy

13、 was playing the soldier.那男孩肩上扛著槍在扮演士兵。They worked long hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps.他們吃的是簡陋的飯菜，住的是寒冷的窯洞，在昏暗的燈光下長時(shí)間地工作。The street runs westward, across a great bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops

14、against a wide green lawn.這條大街向西而去，跨過一座大橋，延伸下坡后又上坡，經(jīng)過了幾家店鋪和肉市，又越過了幾幢平房，最后在一片開闊的綠草坪前突然到了盡頭。佳譯賞析Respect a man, he will do the more.敬人者，人恒敬之。 Set ones nerves on edge.心煩意亂。 Bad workmen often blame their tools.拙匠常怪工具差。Small gains bring great wealth.積小利，成巨富。Many men, many minds.十個(gè)人，十條心。Sow virtue, and the harvest will be virtue; sow vice, and the harvest will be vice.善有善報(bào)，惡有惡報(bào)。Speech is silver, silence is gold.能言是銀，沉默是金。Practice1 With the passage of time, my admiration for him grew more and more.2. There is a big increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in ever