1、 若是議論文，不論是哪一種類型，一定注意在第一段寫上主題句，概況全文的觀點 一定注意每一自然段要寫上 銜接詞銜接詞+論點句論點句 First+一句完整的話一句完整的話 Second+一句完整的話一句完整的話 一定注意結(jié)尾不要寫的太簡單，要有一定深度 小作文一定注意格式 一定注意看清楚題目要求 多背一些句子完型中的詞匯完型中的詞匯形近詞 近義詞 Deduce, reduce, reproduce On the basis of evidence we _ that he was guilty.deduce He wont _ the rent of our house.reduce Rabbit

2、s _quickly.reproduceDeduce, reduce, reproduce Deduce :推論, 演繹 On the basis of evidence we deduced that he was guilty. 根據(jù)這些證據(jù)我們推斷他是有罪的。 Reduce：減少; 降低 He wont reduce the rent of our house. 他不肯減少我們住房的租金。 Reproduce：復(fù)制，繁殖 Rabbits reproduce quickly. 兔子繁殖速度很快。compose, dispose, propose These twelve men are b

3、elieved to _ the pose He _ his books on the shelves. dispose They _ to make arrangement beforehand. proposecompose, dispose, propose Compose：組成, 構(gòu)成, 創(chuàng)作 These twelve men are believed to compose the jury. 陪審團是由這12人組成的。 Dispose處理; 布置 He disposed his books on the shelves. 把書籍排列在書架上。 Propose：提議，求婚 They p

4、roposed to make arrangement beforehand. 他們提議事先做好安排。radius, radium, radiate He has visited every shop within a _ of two miles.radius The sun _ light and heat. radiate_can be used to treat cancer.radium radius, radium, radiate Radius:半徑 He has visited every shop within a radius of two miles.周圍兩英里以內(nèi)的店鋪

5、他都去過。 Radium ：化鐳 Radium can be used to treat cancer. 鐳可以用來治療癌癥。 Radiate：發(fā)射出(光、熱等)，向四周伸出 The sun radiates light and heat. 太陽散發(fā)光和熱。Statue, status Statue:雕像雕像 Statue of Liberty 自由女神自由女神 Status：地位、身份；情形、狀況：地位、身份；情形、狀況 Age has status in the villages. 在鄉(xiāng)村里年長者受人尊敬。在鄉(xiāng)村里年長者受人尊敬。 Affect, defect, effect, infec

6、t Affect:影響 The tax increases have affected us all. 加稅已經(jīng)影響了我們所有的人。 Defect:缺點、瑕疵 We must correct our defects as soon as possible. Effect：效果、影響 When does the new law come into effect? 新法律何時生效？ Infect：感染、影響 Marys high spirits infected all the girls in the class. 瑪麗的興致感染了全班的女孩Conserve, deserve, observe,

7、 preserve Conserve:保護, 保藏, 保存 Conserve your energy, youll need it! 保存你的精力, 你會用得著的！ Deserve:應(yīng)受，值得 What crime have they committed to deserve such cruelty? 他們犯了什么錯，竟遭如此懲罰？ Observe：觀察，研究； 看待；遵循 He observes carefully but says little.他總是仔細觀察, 很少說話。 Preserve：保護；維持 We must preserve our natural resources.我們必

8、須保護自然資源。spontaneous, simultaneousWe need a _ interpreter.simultaneousTo be thoroughly enjoyed, reading must be entirely _. spontaneousspontaneous, simultaneous Spontaneous:自發(fā)的，無意識的自發(fā)的，無意識的 To be thoroughly enjoyed, reading must be entirely spontaneous. 一個人讀書必須出其自然，才能夠徹底享受讀書的一個人讀書必須出其自然，才能夠徹底享受讀書的樂趣。

9、樂趣。 Simultaneous：同時發(fā)生的：同時發(fā)生的 We need a simultaneous interpreter. 我們需要一個同聲翻譯。我們需要一個同聲翻譯。 miletaneous:各種各樣的scare, sacred, scarce scare ：v.恐嚇；adj.嚇人的 They ll scare her out of telling the police. 她們要把她嚇得不敢報警。 sacred 神圣的，不可 冒犯的 In Africa the snake is still sacred with many tribes.非洲許多部落仍認為蛇是不可冒犯的。 scarce

10、 缺乏的 The food was scarce during the war.戰(zhàn)爭期間食物短缺。 Instinct, distinct, extinct instinct 本能本能 The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那個絕望的小男孩的模樣喚起了她的母性。那個絕望的小男孩的模樣喚起了她的母性。 distinct 清楚的，截然不同的清楚的，截然不同的 two entirely distinct languages extinct 滅絕的，消逝的滅絕的，消逝的 Nothing could remi

11、nd her of her extinct passion. 她激情已逝她激情已逝, 不會心回意轉(zhuǎn)。不會心回意轉(zhuǎn)。adapt, adopt, adept adapt是動詞，其意為“改編，改變以適應(yīng)”。 All life is about changeyou either adapt or die. 生命在于變化要么適應(yīng)要么死亡。 adopt也是動詞，其意為“收養(yǎng)，采納，采用”。 The resolution was adopted by an overwhelming majority. 決議以壓倒多數(shù)通過。 adept是形容詞，其意為“擅長的，有技巧的”。 Unfortunately, I

12、am more adept at spending money than making it. 不幸的是，我花錢的本事遠遠大于我掙錢的本事 altitude, aptitude, attitude, latitude altitude 高度,海拔(an altitude of 20,000 meters above sea level海拔20,000米） aptitude 才能,智力,傾向,習(xí)性 attitude 態(tài)度,看法 latitude 緯度(longitude經(jīng)度) 專四的易混淆詞匯有兩種： 形近詞 近義詞 abandon; desert; forsake ; quit ; give

13、up At fourteen he ran away and _1_ his home and friend. forsook He _2_ his wife and went away with all their money. abandoned The fort had been hurriedly _3_. deserted You must _4_ smoking, or you wont survive. Give up One friend of mine has decided to _5_ his highly-paid but demanding position in h

14、is company recently. quit拋棄，放棄 abandon 指完全、永遠地放棄，尤其指對其負有責(zé)任或義務(wù)者，或者放棄一個項目或計劃。 desert 強調(diào)故意違背自己的義務(wù)、責(zé)任或誓言等 ，或者指離開某地 forsake 指遺棄以前所愛的人或事物，著重于斷絕情感上的依戀 ,也可指不情愿的離開 quit 強調(diào)突然或出其不意的放棄，一般指“停止” give up 多用于口頭，表示停止做某事.Abolish; cancel; eliminate The flight to Tokyo is _1_ because of the storm. Cancelled We must _2_

15、 unnecessary expense. eliminate President Lincoln worked to _3_ slavery. Abolish廢除，取消 abolish 指完全消除某項舊制度、法律或舊風(fēng)俗等 cancel 指某人因某種意想不到的原因而臨時取消事前所決定的事 eliminate 指淘汰或取消不需要的東西 exact; correct; precise; accurate _1_ dress for some ceremonies is necessary for those who always attend them. correct Is your watc

16、h _2_? I suppose its 10 minutes slow. accurate Keep this _3_ instrument away from insolation（暴曬）（暴曬） and aquosity（潮濕）（潮濕）. precise I cant tell you the _4_ date, but it should be around Oct. 20 exact準確，精確 exact :giving all details correctly 確切（細節(jié)完整，沒有遺漏） What were his exact words? Accurate: correct i

17、n every detail 準確的；精確的 （細節(jié)正確，沒有錯誤） The novel wasnt intended to be historically accurate. correct 正確的，指合乎一定的標準或規(guī)矩，沒有錯誤 precise 精密的，指具有高度的精確性和準確性 Mary hopes to be _ from hospital next week. A. dismissed B. discharged C. expelled D. resigned B dismiss - end the employment or service of; allow to leave:

18、 be dismissed from school service / class discharge - release, as from confinement, care, or duty: discharge a patient; discharge a soldier; be discharged from hospital military service / from prison expel - force to leave; deprive of membership: be expelled from a country school resign - give up (a

19、 position, for example), especially by formal notification: resign from cabinet committee range, reach, scope, compass, scale The bird now came within my _of vision. range Keep the pills out of_ the of the children! reach Is Romanticism in the of your book? scope Construction is not within_ the of t

20、he department compass This thermometer has two_marked on it, one in Fahrenheit and the other in Centigrade scalesrange, reach, scope, compass, scale 這是一組表示“范圍”的名詞，其側(cè)重點各有不同。 range代表的是一個可以測量的范圍，在這個范圍內(nèi)包括一系列可變化的數(shù)量。range還特指視力、聽力所能達到的距離和槍炮的射程。 reach特指伸手可達到的距離或非常近的距離，其比喻含義指能力、權(quán)力、影響等可達到的范圍。 scope指人們所處理、研究的事

21、物的“范圍”以及所掌握、控制的“面積”。scope的比喻含義指的是所掌握的知識的寬度，即“眼界，見識”。 compass在意義上與scope相同，是正式用語，表示活動、興趣、能力的“界限，范圍”。 scale特指刻度、標度的范圍，也指品級、級別的規(guī)模和大小的范圍：edge, border, rim, verge 這組詞皆有這組詞皆有“邊，邊緣邊，邊緣”之意。之意。 edge通常指某物一邊的通常指某物一邊的邊線邊線、兩個平、兩個平面的交界線以及各種界線，特指處在面的交界線以及各種界線，特指處在不利狀態(tài)下的邊緣。不利狀態(tài)下的邊緣。 border意為意為“邊界，邊境，國境邊界，邊境，國境”，也可以指

22、裝飾周邊的也可以指裝飾周邊的“邊邊”。 rim意思是意思是“邊，邊緣邊，邊緣”，尤指，尤指圓形或近似圓形或近似圓形的物體的邊緣圓形的物體的邊緣。 verge特指道路、花壇等長著草的特指道路、花壇等長著草的“邊緣邊緣”。 This is the north edge of the field.這是這是這塊地的北邊線。這塊地的北邊線。 The plane flew across the border.飛機飛飛機飛越了邊境。越了邊境。 He wears a pair of spectacles with gold rims.他戴一副金絲邊眼鏡。他戴一副金絲邊眼鏡。 She was on the ve

23、rge of speaking out the secret.她差點兒把秘密說出來。她差點兒把秘密說出來。 惱怒 annoy 指由于指由于被迫忍受被迫忍受某種不愉快甚至討厭的某種不愉快甚至討厭的事情而失去耐心或沉著事情而失去耐心或沉著(be annoyed at/by sth. be annoyed with sb. 對某人對某人/某事很生氣某事很生氣) furious 狂怒的狂怒的(be furious with sb. be furious at/about sth對某人對某人/某事大發(fā)雷霆某事大發(fā)雷霆) indignant 強調(diào)的是憤怒強調(diào)的是憤怒,憤慨憤慨,憤憤不平憤憤不平 irrit

24、ate 指一再指一再打擾打擾某人某人,終于使其失去耐心終于使其失去耐心而發(fā)怒而發(fā)怒. provoke 激怒激怒(人人,動物動物),使生氣使生氣(provoke sb. to do /into doing.刺激某人做某事刺激某人做某事) admit, allow, permit, approve的用法區(qū)別的用法區(qū)別 1. admit的意思是的意思是“同意進入同意進入，允許進入，允許進入”（經(jīng)常與經(jīng)常與to連用連用）。）。 Latecomers will not be admitted until the interval. 遲到者在休息時間方可入場遲到者在休息時間方可入場 2. allow泛指泛

25、指“一般性同意一般性同意，允許，允許”。 Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不得吸煙乘客不得吸煙。 3. permit 常用來表示常用來表示“上下級之間的允許上下級之間的允許，批準，批準” The prisoners were permitted two hours exercise a day. 允許犯人每天有兩小時戶外活動。允許犯人每天有兩小時戶外活動。 4. approve的主要意思是的主要意思是“批準（條文，協(xié)議批準（條文，協(xié)議等）等），贊同，贊同”（常與（常與of連用）。連用）。 I approve of your trying to ea

26、rn some money, but please dont neglect your studies. 我同意你去掙一些錢，可是請不要誤了功課我同意你去掙一些錢，可是請不要誤了功課sense, sensitive, sensible, sensational Sense:感覺，感官感覺，感官 Sensitive：敏感的：敏感的 Do not be sensitive! Sensible：明智的，理性的：明智的，理性的 That seems to be a sensible idea.那似乎是個明智的主意。那似乎是個明智的主意。 Sensational：轟動性的，聳人聽聞的：轟動性的，聳人聽聞

27、的 Newspaper reports the incident sensational, makes it appear worse than it really be. 報紙大肆渲染這件事，描述得更不像話。報紙大肆渲染這件事，描述得更不像話。 Sb+Regretful 后悔的 She was regretful. Sth+Regrettable 令人遺憾的 The matter was really regrettable.bright, clever, wise, brilliant, intelligent, ingenious, smart, shrewd 1.bright : 口語

28、常用詞，多指年輕人，口語常用詞，多指年輕人，尤指尤指小孩思路敏捷，理解力強，機靈等。小孩思路敏捷，理解力強，機靈等。 A bright boy learns quickly. 2.clever : 強調(diào)頭腦靈活，接受新事物快，強調(diào)頭腦靈活，接受新事物快，有智有謀，但不一定暗示全面妥當(dāng)?shù)乜紤]有智有謀，但不一定暗示全面妥當(dāng)?shù)乜紤]問題。問題。 He was too clever.他太精明了他太精明了 3.wise : 側(cè)重不是一般的聰明伶俐，而是有遠見，有智慧，能明智地處理問題。 Wise men learn by other mens mistakes. 4.brilliant : 指人的指人的才

29、華出眾才華出眾，思路敏捷，常令人，思路敏捷，常令人贊嘆不已。贊嘆不已。 Einstein had a brilliant brain. 愛因斯坦有一個才氣縱橫的頭腦。愛因斯坦有一個才氣縱橫的頭腦。 5.intelligent : 正式用詞正式用詞，指在理解新的、抽象東，指在理解新的、抽象東西或處理解決問題時，西或處理解決問題時，智力超過一般常人。智力超過一般常人。 All human beings are much more intelligent than animal. 。 6.ingenious : 指思路敏捷，并暗示有創(chuàng)造與發(fā)明的才能和技巧。 The ingenious boy mad

30、e a radio set for himself. 7.smart : 普通用詞，與bright和clever的意思很相近，但更強調(diào)機靈。 He is a smart businessman. 8.shrewd : 指精明老練，有頭腦，善于判斷，把握有利機會。 His answer to the journalist is a shrewd one.常用動詞詞組 動詞詞組動詞詞組 1）常跟動名詞的動詞）常跟動名詞的動詞 abandon、deny、escape、evade、feel like、mind、 regret、resume、stop、detest、 finish、 resist、 ri

31、sk、suggest、delay、miss、anticipate、admit to spend time doing、 cant help doing、 Its no use doing 2）跟）跟for的動詞搭配及詞組的動詞搭配及詞組 admire sb for doing apologize for doing criticize sb for doing forgive sb for doing have a gift for doing blame sb for doing find an excuse for doing have a talent for doing have a reason for doing punish sb for doing reward sb for doing 3）From 詞組詞組 benefit from doing dissuade sb from doing discourage sb from doin