1、2018年廣州市初中畢業(yè)生學(xué)業(yè)中考英語試卷真題含答案一、語法選擇閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，從 115各題所給的A、 B、C和D項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Xian Xinghai was a very famous musician in China. He wrote one of the greatest pieces of music of the 20 th century. In his short life he wrote 1 300 songs and an opera.Xian was bom in Panyu, Guangdong,

2、 China in 1905. Because his father died before he wasborn, Xian moved from place to place with-2 mother. He began learning to play 3 violin when he was 20 years old. In the beginning, his violin was 4 cheap and badly made thathe 5 not play it well. His friends laughed at him. Xian did not stop 6 and

3、 soon showedhis talent. In 1934, he was one of the first Chinese students 7 studied in a special musicschool in Paris. Before he 8, Xian became the schools best student 9 won severalprizes for his talents.In 1935, he returned to China and helped fight against the Japanese army. Later, he came toYana

4、n10music at a college.11there were no pianos in Yanan at that time Xian stillwrote 12of his most important music there, includingThe Yellow River , his most famouswork.In May 1940, Xian 13 to the Soviet Union by the Chinese Communist Party to writemusic for movies. In the Soviet Union, life was very

5、 14. Xian got sick and later died of alung illness 15 October 30, 1945, aged only 40. Xians music, however, lives on in thepeoples hearts.1. A. nearB. nearlyC. nearbyD. nearer2. A. he B. him C. hi s D. he s3. A. a B. an C. the D. this4. A. so B. such C. very D. much5. A. need B. may C. should D. cou

6、ld6. A. practice B. practicing C. to practice D. practised7. A. what B. which C. whom D. who8. A. leave B. leaves C. left D. was leaving9. A. and B. but C. as D. or10. A. teach B. taught C. teaching D. to teach11. A. If B. Although C. When D. Because12. A. any B. little C. few D. some13. A. sent B.

7、was sent C. has sent D. was sending14. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest15. A. at B. in C. on D. by【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. D 11. B16. D 13. B 14. A 15. C【解析】試題分析：冼星海是中國著名的音樂家。他創(chuàng)作了20 世紀最偉大的音樂作品之一。在他短暫的一生中，他創(chuàng)作了300 首歌曲和一部歌劇。本文主要介紹了他短暫的一生，但是他的音樂卻活在人們的心中。1. 句意：在短短的一

8、生中，他創(chuàng)作了近300首歌曲和一部歌劇。A. near介詞，在附近，方位介詞；B. nearly副詞， 接近； C. nearby 形容詞或副詞，在附近；D. nearer 形容詞或副詞，更近的。 本題指數(shù)量上“接近”，需要副詞nearly 。故選：B。2. 句意：因為他父親在他出生之前就去世了，他和母親從一個地方搬到另一個地方。A. he 人稱代詞，作他是。本句用 D. he s主語； B. him 人稱代詞，作賓語；C. his 形容詞詞性物主代詞，他的，可作定語；在 mother 之前作定語。故選：C。3. 句意： 他 20 歲時開始學(xué)習(xí)拉小提琴。A. a 不定冠詞，一個， 泛指； B.

9、 an 不定冠詞，一個， 泛指； C. the定冠詞，這（那），專指、特指；D. this 指示代詞，這、這個，近指。固定表達“play the+ 音樂器材”。故選：C。4. 句意：一開始，他的小提琴很便宜，制作很糟糕，以至于他演奏不好。A. so 副詞，如此、這么；B. such形容詞，這樣的；C. very 副詞，很；D. much 形容詞，很多；或副詞，很。根據(jù)語義可知，本句為“ so+ 形容詞/ 副詞+ that + 句子”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。故選： A。5. 句意： 一開始，他的小提琴很便宜，制作很糟糕，以至于他演奏不好。A. need 情態(tài)動詞，需要； B. may情態(tài)動詞，可能；

10、C. should 情態(tài)動詞，應(yīng)該；D. could 情態(tài)動詞，能。在“so + /形容詞副詞+ that + 句子”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中，常使用情態(tài)動詞 can/could 。故選：D 。6. 句意： 冼星海沒有停止練習(xí)，很快就展現(xiàn)出他的才華。practice 動詞， 練習(xí)； practicing 動名詞； to practice不定式；practised 過去式。stop doing 停止做某事（停止正在做的事情）； stop to do 停下來做某事（ todo 是要做的事情）。此處指“停止拉小提琴”。故選： B。7. 句意： 1934 年， 他是巴黎一所特殊音樂學(xué)校的首批中國學(xué)生之一。

11、A. what 疑問代詞，什么；B. which疑問代詞，哪個；C. whom 疑問代詞，誰，賓格；D. who 疑問代詞，誰，主格。本句為定語從句，先行詞 the first Chinese students ，關(guān)系詞為whom/who 。由于關(guān)系詞在句中作主語，所以用主格who 。故選： D 。8. 句意：在他離校之前，冼星海成為了學(xué)校里最好的學(xué)生，并因他的才華獲得了幾個獎項。A. leave 動詞，離開； B. leaves 三單形式；C. left 過去式；D. was leaving 過去進行時態(tài)。本句描述過去發(fā)生的事情，謂語動詞使用過去式。故選：C。9. 句意：在他離開學(xué)校之前，冼

12、星海成為了學(xué)校里最好的學(xué)生，并因他的才華獲得了幾個獎項。A. and 連詞，并且，表示并列關(guān)系；B. but 連詞，但是，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；C. as 連詞，當(dāng).時候。引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；D. or 連詞，或者，表示選擇關(guān)系?！俺蔀樽詈玫膶W(xué)生”與“獲得獎項”之間是并列關(guān)系。故選：A。10. 句意： 后來， 他來到延安，在一所大學(xué)教音樂。A. teach 動詞， 教； B. taught 過去式， 教； C. teaching現(xiàn)在分詞或動名詞，教；D. to teach 動詞不定式，教。本題為動詞不定式作目的狀語。故選：D。11. 句意： 雖然當(dāng)時延安還沒有鋼琴，但他仍然在延安創(chuàng)作了一些最重要的音樂，

13、包括他最著名的作品黃河 。 A. If 連詞，如果/是否，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句/賓語從句；B. Although 連詞，雖然、即使，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；C. When 連詞，當(dāng).時候，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；D. Because 連詞，因為，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。根據(jù)語境可知是“讓步關(guān)系”。故選：B。12. 句意： 雖然當(dāng)時延安還沒有鋼琴，但他仍然在延安創(chuàng)作了一些最重要的音樂，包括他最著名的作品黃河 。 A. any 代詞，任何，常與疑問句與否定句連用；B. little 代詞，很少，代替不可數(shù)名詞，否定含義；C. few 代詞，很少，代替可數(shù)名詞，否定含義；D. some 代詞，一些，肯定含義。根據(jù)語境可知

14、，此處為肯定含義“一些重要的音樂”。故選： D 。13. 句意： 1940 年 5 月，中國共產(chǎn)黨將冼星海送往蘇聯(lián)，為電影譜曲。A. sent 送，派遣；B. was sent 一般過去時態(tài)的被動結(jié)構(gòu)；C. has sent 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；D. was sending 過去進行時態(tài)。根據(jù)主謂之間的被動關(guān)系可知，本句使用“過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)”。故選：B。14. 句意：在蘇聯(lián)，生活很艱難。A. hard 形容詞，困難的；B. harder 比較級，困難的；C. hardest 最高級，最困難的；D. the hardest 最高級，最困難的。根據(jù)語境，此處沒有“作比較”的語境，因而形容詞使用原級。

15、故選：A。15. 句意：在1945 年 10 月 30 日，冼星海生病后死于肺病，年僅40 歲。 A. at 時間介詞，在，表示具體的點刻；B. in 介詞，在，表示某一段時間內(nèi)；C. on 介詞，在，在具體的某一天；D. by 介詞，在.之前。本句指在具體10 月 30 號。故選：C。點睛：整體把握語篇大意，揣摩上下文文意，理解語境并關(guān)注詞匯、短語之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，選擇最符合作者表達意圖的選項；辨析定語從句中的關(guān)系詞，把握其各自含義和用法；理清上下文之間的轉(zhuǎn)折、承接、讓步、補充說明等關(guān)系，選擇合適的連詞。二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從 1625各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳

16、選項， 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Before graduating college, Jackie began to look for a job. She aimed at a famous company,but the 16 for such jobs was very strong. The company Jackie chose planned to employonly one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job.17, Jackie was one of thethree people invited

17、for the final interview. The interview was very 18. The interviewer askedjust a few questions and it was all over in less than 10 minutes. Then the interviewer said to them,All of you are very good. Please go home and 19 our response. ”Three days later, Jackie received a message saying she would not

18、 be 20 the job. She feltdeeply disappointed. That evening. however she received another 21. This time it said thatshe got the job.Jackie later found out that the first message sent to her phone was part of theinterview-a 22 to see if she was suitable for the job. All the three people receivedthe 23

19、text, but only Jackies reply 24 the company Of the three, one did not reply.The other said“ goodbyend Jackie said“ thank you ” . This reply showed that Jackie wasa/an 25 person, so the company offered her the job.16. A. exam B. work C. competition D. plan17. A. Thankfully B. Unluckily C. Hopefully D

20、. Immediately18. A. longB. strictC. interestingD. simple19. A. pick up B. wait for C. deal with D. think of20. A. offered B. returned C. refused D. shown21. A. letter B. e-mail C. call D. message22. A. guide B. conversation C. test D. lesson23. A. same B. other C. second D. whole24. A. reached B. sa

21、tisfied C. helped D. surprised25. A. brave B. clever C. polite D. honest【答案】16. C 17. A 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C【解析】試題分析：大學(xué)畢業(yè)前，Jackie 開始找工作。她瞄準了一家著名的公司，但這樣的工作的競爭非常激烈。在面試的過程中，Jackie 展示了其禮貌的品質(zhì)，所以公司給了她這份工作。16. 句意：她瞄準了一家著名的公司，但這樣的工作的競爭非常激烈。A. exam 名詞，考試；B. work 名詞， 工作； C. competit

22、ion 名詞， 競爭； D. plan 名詞， 計劃。 根據(jù)后文The company Jackie chose plannedto employ only one person, but more than twenty people applied for the job.可知，工作競爭大。故選：C。17. 句意：謝天謝地，Jackie 是被邀請參加最后面試的三人之一。A. Thankfully 副詞，幸虧、感激地；B.Unluckily 副詞，不幸地；C. Hopefully 副詞，有希望地；D. Immediately 副詞，立刻。競爭大，所以“感激地”成為最后面試的三人之一。故選：

23、A。18. 句意：面試很簡單。A. long 形容詞，長的；B. strict 形容詞，嚴格的；C. interesting 形容詞，有趣的； D. simple 形容詞， 簡單的。 根據(jù)后文The interviewer asked just a few questions and it was all overin less than 10 minutes. 可知，面試簡單。故選：D 。19. 句意：請回家等待我們的回復(fù)。A. pick up 撿起； B. wait for 等候； C. deal with 處理； D. think of想到、認為。根據(jù)語境可知，面試后 “等候”回復(fù)。故選

24、：B。A.20. 句意：三天后，Jackie 收到一條短信說她不會得到這份工作。本題考察被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞。offered 提供； B. returned 歸還、 返回； C. refused 拒絕； D. shown 展示。 根據(jù)語境可知，本句為 “ offtersb. sth 提供給某人某物”的被動語態(tài)。故選：A。21. 句意： 那天晚上，然而， 她收到了另一個信息。A. letter 名詞， 書信； B. e-mail 名詞， 郵件；C. call名詞， 電話； D .message 名詞， 信息。 根據(jù)前文Three days later, Jackie received a mes

25、sage saying可知，此處為“另一條信息”。故選： D 。22. 句意： Jackie 后來發(fā)現(xiàn)，發(fā)送到她手機的第一個消息是面試的一部分測試她是否適合這份工作。A. guide 名詞，導(dǎo)游；B. conversation 名詞，會話；C. test 名詞，測試；D. lesson 名詞，課。面試的一部分，所以是一項“測試”。故選：C。23. 句意：這三個人都收到了同樣的短信，但只有Jackie 的答復(fù)使公司滿意。A. same 形容詞，相同的；8. other 形容詞，其他的；C. second 序數(shù)詞，第二；D. whole 形容詞，整個的。根據(jù)語境可知，測試的內(nèi)容應(yīng)是“相同的”。故選

26、：A。24. 句意：這三個人都收到了同樣的短信，但只有Jackie 的答復(fù)使公司滿意。A. reached 動詞，到達；B.satisfied 動詞，使?jié)M意；C. helped 動詞，幫助；D. surprised 動詞，使驚奇。根據(jù)前文This time it saidthat she got the job. 可知， Jackie 的答復(fù)“使公司滿意”。故選：B。25. 句意：這個回答表明Jackie 是一個有禮貌的人，所以公司給了她這份工作。A. brave 形容詞，勇敢的；B. clever 形容詞， 聰明的； C. polite 形容詞， 禮貌的； D. honest 形容詞， 誠實

27、的。 根據(jù)前文The other said“goodbye and Jackie saidthank you Jackie矢髓禮貌的。故選： C。三、閱讀第一節(jié) 閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，從2645各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該 項涂黑。(A)For his eleventh birthday, Lin was given a gift that would shape his life. On that day his fathertook him to the Children s Activity Centre and said he could choose a

28、ny course that interestedhim. There was just one requirement: Lin would have to promise to study it for at least one year.To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept his interest for more than a week ortwo. His mum once gave him a bag of stamps to encourage stamp collecting. That hobby las

29、ted aweek. Then his father got him some paints hoping that Lins artistic side would shine through.Those paints were now under his bed, still unopened. This time Lin s parents would let hidecide.Lins eyes moved down the noticeboard that listed all the courses on offer. He stopped atPhotography. He li

30、ked the idea of taking beautiful pictures but the notice said that each studentneeded their own camera. Although Lins family werent poor, they weren t rich either, acamera cost a lot of money. He continued looking.The next course to catch his eye was Language Art. He didn t even know what that meant

31、.His father explained that it taught people how to make public speeches. Lin, a shy boy, could think of nothing worse.Then he saw it. Cooking sounded like something hed like to do. It was inexpensive and convenient, it could be done alone and it was also creative.Based on Lin s hobby history, his da

32、d had doubts, but he agreed. Much to his parentssurprise, Lin kept his promise. He studied cooking at the Centre every Saturday, and practised athome, making delicious meals for his family. Everyone looked forward to birthdays, when they could eat his cakes. Lin got great satisfaction from the pleas

33、ure his food brought to others.The months turned to years but his hobby never changed again.Now Lin is an adult and runs a successful restaurant. When customers say they enjoy his meal, he still gets the same pleasure he did as a child, and remembers the special gift he received all those years ago.

34、26. Why didnt Lin choose to study photography?A. It was too expensive.B. He had no interest in it.C. He was not very creative.D. It was not offered that term.27. The underlined expression catch his eye in Paragraph 4 means”.A. make him excitedB. cause him surpriseC. get his attentionD. help him see

35、clearly28. Which of the following best describes Lins interest in cooking?A. It only lasted for a short time.B. It seemed to match his character.C. It was forced on him by his parents.D. It developed slowly over many months.29. Why did the father have doubts about Lins choice of cooking?A. Lin wasnt

36、 good at cooking.B. Cooking wasnt very convenient.C. He didnt think Lin would continue.D. Cooking wasnt a good hobby for a boy.30. Whats the best title for the passage?A. A Strict FatherB. A Changeable BoyC. The Fun of CookingD. The Birthday Gift【答案】26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D【解析】試題分析：本文主要介紹了林在11

37、歲時，那天他父親帶他去兒童活動中心，說他可以選擇任何令他感興趣的課程。就在那天他收到了一份改變他一生的特殊禮物。26. 根據(jù)第三段第三行Although Lins family werent poor, they weren t rich either, and a cameracost a lot of money. 可知，不選擇學(xué)習(xí)攝影，是因為花費高。故選：A。27. catch 動詞，抓住、趕上；根據(jù)前文He continued looking. ，以及后文His father explained that ittaught people how to make public speec

38、hes.可推知，Language Art. 引起了他的注意。故選：C。28. 根據(jù)第四段最后一句Lin, a shy boy, could think of nothing worse.,以及第五段Cookingsounded like something hed like to do. It was inexpensive and convenient, it could be done aloneand it was also creative. 可知，“烹飪”這似乎符合他的性格。故選：B。29. 根據(jù)第二段第一句To that point Lin had had many hobbies

39、, but none kept his interest for morethan a week or two 可知，他認為林不會堅持下去。故選：C。30. 根據(jù)本文主要介紹了林在11 歲時，那天他父親帶他去兒童活動中心，說他可以選擇任何令他感興趣的課程。就在那天他收到了一份改變他一生的特殊禮物。所以The Birthday Gift 最符合文意。故選：D。（ B）Experts believe that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn

40、 that restaurants, as we know them, have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. That is, there were no places that provided the restaurant experience. There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that you picked from a menu. In fact, there were no

41、 menus anywhere.There were eating places travellers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich could also eat special meals prepared by private cooks. But none of them could be called a “ rest

42、aurant ”.湯 ).A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups(On his sign he used the word restaurant to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups were considered something that could help restore(恢復(fù) )your health- in French the wordrestore is“ restau-r

43、-e-rso he ” called the soups restaurants. Soon, people started buyingBoulangers soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word restaurant to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself. More restaurants opened in France, and people began to buy soups mor

44、e often.Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s, menus started to appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. The United States offered coffee shops. T ea houses became popular throughout China. Paris created beautiful

45、 restaurants for the rich. The British began to copy the French, and the restaurant idea spread throughout the British Empire.Today cities are filled with all types of restaurants. Diners have millions of options from which tochoose.31. What is the passage mainly about?A. How restaurants developedB.

46、 What made a good restaurant.C. Who created the first restaurantD. Why restaurants became popular.32. According to the first paragraph, what made restaurants different from earlier eating places?A. Restaurants only served foodB. Restaurants were more expensiveC. Restaurants were mainly in citiesD. R

47、estaurants had a list of meal choices33. Who did Boulanger expect to come and eat at his restaurant?A. Rich peopleB. Sick people.C. Travellers.D. Workers.34. When it was first used. what did the word restaurant refer to?A. A person.B. A place.C. Illness.D. Soup.35. When did restaurants begin to grow

48、 internationally?A. In the 1600s.B. In the 1700s.C. In the 1800s.D. In the 1900s.【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C【解析】試題分析：1765 年以前，世界上沒有餐館。本文主要介紹了餐館是如何 “從無到有，再到種類繁多”的發(fā)展過程。31. 根據(jù)本文主要介紹了餐館是如何 “從無到有，再到種類繁多”的發(fā)展過程。所以“How restaurantsdeveloped ” 最符合文章大意。故選：A。32. 根據(jù)第一段的最后兩句There was nowhere in which a wait

49、er brought you food and drink thatyou picked from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere.可知， 餐廳有可供選擇食物的菜單。故選： D 。33. 根據(jù)第三段的第三句At that time, soups were considered something that could helprestore（ 恢復(fù) ）your health- in French the word r estore is “ restaur-e-r- so he” called the soupsrestaurants

50、 、第四句Soon, people started buying Boulangers soups even when they were not ill可知，布朗熱期望生病的人去餐廳吃飯。故選：B。34. 根據(jù)第三段的第三句At that time, soups were considered something that could helprestore（ 恢復(fù) ）your health- in French the word restore is“ -r-essotahuerecralled t”he soupsrestaurants 可知， restaurants 指代 “湯”。故選

51、： D 。35. 根據(jù)第四段的第二行By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout theworld. 可知， 19 世紀中葉，全世界有很多類型的餐館，開始在國際上發(fā)展起來。故選：C。C) Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people dont knowis that junk（ 垃圾 ）has become a problem in outer space too.According to BB

52、C News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes （望遠鏡 ）. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we cant see.Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellit

53、es, move around the planet at very high speeds fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into

54、 many smaller pieces.For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool

55、must be built to fall safely into the earths atmosphere after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.Many scientists also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the j

56、unk and then pulls it into the earths atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.The problem is becoming more challenging because were sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile

57、 phones and computers,” says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian spaceResearcher.The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become, says.36. What does the underlined word“ these in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. T elescopes.B. Satellites.C. Pieces of space junk.D. BBC news reports.37. Why is space junk c